I-Sodium Hydroxide, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi yi-Caustic Soda, i-Fire Soda, kanye ne-Caustic Soda, i-alkali esonakalisayo kakhulu ngesimo sama-flakes, ama-granules, noma amabhlokhi. Kuyancibilika kalula emanzini (kukhipha ukushisa lapho kuncibilika emanzini) futhi kwakha isixazululo se-alkaline. Kungumphuliso futhi kungadonsa kalula umphunga wamanzi (i-deliifunayo) nekhabhoni dioxide (ukonakala) emoyeni. I-Hydrochloric acid ingangezwa ukubheka ukuthi ngabe iye yawohloka yini. Ukuncibilika kalula emanzini, ethanol, ne-glycerol, kepha insoluble e-acetone nase-ether. Umkhiqizo omsulwa uyi-crystal engenabala futhi esobala. Density 2.13g / cm3. Iphuzu elincibilikayo 318 ℃. Iphuzu elibilayo 1388 ℃. Imikhiqizo yezimboni iqukethe inani elincane le-sodium chloride ne-sodium carbonate, okuyizinhlamvu ezimhlophe ze-opaque. Ake sixoxe ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo zeSodium Hydroxide ezinqubweni zokwelashwa kwensimbi.
1. Ukususwa kwamafutha, sebenzisa i-sodium hydroxide ukuphendula ngama-stearic acid espers kumafutha ezilwane nasemifino ukukhiqiza i-sodium stearate enamanzi (insipho) ne-glycerin (glycerin). Lapho ukugcwala kwe-sodium hydroxide kuncipha futhi i-pH ingaphansi kuka-10,5, i-sodium stearate izobe i-hydrolyzed futhi umphumela wokususwa kwamafutha uzoncishiswa; Uma ukugxila kuphezulu kakhulu, ukubolekwa kwe-sodium stuerate futhi i-surfactiyo iyoncishiswa, ibangelwa ukuhlanza amanzi okumpofu kanye ne-hydrogen oxidation. Umthamo we-sodium ngokuvamile awedluli i-100g / l. I-Sodium Hydroxide isetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni zensimbi, njengezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene, ama-alloy e-titanium, i-nickel, i-copper, njll. Kodwa-ke, i-sodium hydroxide akufanele isetshenziselwe ukufonaza i-alkali-soluble zensimbi yensimbi efana ne-aluminium ne-zinc. I-Alkaliasine ye-ALkalaasing yezingxenye zepulasitiki ilungele i-ABS, i-polysulfone, i-modified polystyrene, njll izingxenye ezinjengezimpawu ze-fiber eziqinisiwe ze-plastitics nama-phenolic avimbela izixazululo ze-alkali.
2. I-Metal Etching application ①. Ekwelapheni i-aluminium alloy ngaphambi kwe-oxidation, inani elikhulu le-sodium hydroxide lisetshenziselwa i-alkali etching. Le ndlela iyindlela ejwayelekile yokwelashwa ngaphambi kwe-aluminium alloy oxidation. Inani elikhulu le-sodium hydroxide libuye lisetshenziselwe i-aluminium alloy ukuthungwa kwe-etching. ②. I-Sodium Hydroxide iyindlela ebalulekile ye-etching kwinqubo yamakhemikhali etching ye-aluminium nama-alloys. Futhi kuyindlela ejwayelekile e-etching namuhla. In the Etching inqubo ye-aluminium nama-alloys, okuqukethwe kwe-sodium hydroxide kuvame ukulawulwa ku-100 ~ 200g / l. , futhi njengoba ukugcwala kwe-sodium hydroxide kukhuphuka, ijubane le-etching liyashesha. Kodwa-ke, uma ukugxila kuphezulu kakhulu, kuzokhulisa izindleko. Ikhwalithi ye-etching yezinto ezithile ze-aluminium iyawohloka. Ukusabela kungokulandelayo ai + Naoh + H2O = Naaio2 + H2 ↑
I-3. Ku-electroplating kanye nezicelo zamakhemikhali zamakhemikhali, inani elikhulu le-sodium hydroxide lisetshenziswa endaweni yokulinganisa i-alkaline tin kanye ne-alkaline zinc twin. Ikakhulu e-Alkaline Zinc Plating, inani elanele le-Sodium Hydroxide yisimo esiyisisekelo sokugcina ukuqina kwesisombululo; ekusebenzeni kwama-elektroluft pliating isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-PH kwe-electroless yethusi ithusi; Isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwesixazululo se-zinc ukucwilisa ngaphambi kwe-aluminium alloy electrong plating / electroplating, njll. Isicelo eChanide Zic Plating. I-Sodium Hydroxide ingenye i-ejenti ebabazekayo kubhavu lokugeza. Izakhiwo ezinama-zinc ion ukwenza ama-zincate ion, okwenza ukugeza okunamatilosi azinze futhi athuthukise ukuhambisa kokugeza kweplifinti. Ngakho-ke, amandla e-Conthode asebenza kahle kanye nekhono lokuhlakazeka kwesixazululo se-platiating athuthukile. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-sodium hydroxide kuphezulu, i-anode inciphisa ngokushesha, okwenza okuqukethwe kwe-zinc kusisombululo se-plating ukwanda kanye ne-coating ukuze ibe nzima. Uma i-sodium hydroxide iphansi kakhulu, ukuthuthuka kwesixazululo se-platiating akukubi, ukusebenza kwamanje kuyancipha, futhi ukuhlanganiswa nakho kuzoba nzima. Esixazululweni se-plating esingaqukethe i-sodium hydroxide, ukusebenza kahle kwe-cathode kuphansi kakhulu. Njengoba ukugcwala kwe-sodium hydroxide kukhuphuka, ukusebenza kahle kwe-cathode kuyanda kancane kancane. Lapho ukugcwala kwe-sodium hydroxide kufinyelela inani elithile (njenge-80g / l), ukusebenza kahle kwe-cathode kufinyelela inani eliphakeme kakhulu futhi kuhlala kuhlala njalo ngemuva kwalokho. ②. Isicelo ku-Zincate Electroplating: I-Sodium Hydroxide i-ejenti enzima kanye nosawoti ovuthayo. Ukweqiwa okuncane kwe-sodium hydroxide kungenza ama-ion abukeke azenze azenze ama-ions athambile futhi abe nokuqhutshwa okungcono, okuzuzisa ukwenza ngcono amandla okuhambisa isixazululo se-platiating solution. , bese uvumela i-anode ukuthi ichithe ngokujwayelekile. Isilinganiso esikhulu se-zinc onide esiya eSodium Hydroxide esixazululweni se-zincate pliating sincono cishe ngo-1: (10 ~ 14), nomkhawulo ophansi wokulengisa amapuleti. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-sodium hydroxide kuphezulu kakhulu, i-anode incibilikisa ngokushesha, ukugcwala kwama-zinc ion kubhavu lokuqoqa kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi i-crystallization ye-coating ilukhuni. Uma okuqukethwe kuphansi kakhulu, ukuhanjiswa kokugeza kwe-plaing kuncishisiwe, kanti imbewu ye-zinc hydroxide yenziwa kalula, okuthinta ikhwalithi yenhlanganisela. ③. Isicelo e-Alkaline Tin Plating. Ethafeni le-alkaline tin, umsebenzi oyinhloko weSodium Hydroxide ukwakha isakhiwo esitebele ngosawoti ka-tin, uthuthukise ukuhambisa, futhi ugqugquzele ukuqedwa okujwayelekile kwe-anode. Njengoba ukugcwala kwe-sodium hydroxide kukhuphuka, ubumbano luba namandla futhi amandla okuhambisa akhuphuka, kepha ukusebenza kwamanje kuyancipha. Uma i-sodium hydroxide iphakeme kakhulu, kunzima ukuthi i-anode yokugcina izwe elisezingeni eliseceleni futhi inciphise i-tin ehlukanisiwe, okuholele ekuphumeni kwekhwalithi ye-coating engeyinhle. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula ukugcwaliseka kwe-sodium hydroxide kubaluleke kakhulu kunokulawula okuqukethwe usawoti we-tin. Imvamisa i-sodium hydroxide ilawulwa ngo-7 ~ 15g / l, futhi uma i-potassium hydroxide isetshenziswa, ilawulwa ku-10 ~ 20g / l. Enqubweni ye-Alkaline Electros Pepper yePropiting, i-Sodium Hydroxide isetshenziselwa ukuguqula inani le-PH yekhambi le-Plating, gcina ukuqina kwesixazululo futhi unikeze indawo ye-alkali ye-ALCORDDehyde. Ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile, ukwandisa ukugcwaliseka kwe-sodium hydroxide kufanele kukhuphule ngokufanelekile kwesivinini se-solivium hydroxide, kepha kungcono kunciphise ukuqina kwesisombululo se-elektroli se-electroless. I-Sodium Hydroxide nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-oxidation yensimbi. Ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium hydroxide kuthinta ngqo ijubane le-oxidation yensimbi. I-High-Carbon Steel inesivinini esisheshayo se-oxidation kanye nokuhlushwa okuphansi (550 ~ 650g / l) singasetshenziswa. I-Low-Carbon Steel Oxidation Ijubane lihamba kancane futhi liphezulu (600 ~ 00g / l) lingasetshenziswa. Lapho ukugcwala kwe-sodium hydroxide kuphezulu, ifilimu ye-oxide inqiwe, kepha ungqimba wefilimu alukhululekile futhi lunobumbano, futhi uthuli olubomvu luthambekele ukuvela. Uma ukugcwala kwe-sodium hydroxide kudlula ngo-1100g / l, i-iron yensimbi ye-magnetic iyachithwa futhi ayikwazi ukwakha ifilimu. Ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium hydroxide uma kuphansi kakhulu, ifilimu oxide izoba mncane futhi ingaphezulu lizobe licwebezele, futhi ukusebenza okuvikelayo kuzoba mpofu.
4. Ukufaka isicelo ekuphathweni kwendle kwendle
Isikhathi sePosi: Sep-04-2024
