Linqunywa kanjani inani lediphozithi yethusi?

Linqunywa kanjani inani lediphozithi yethusi?

Kunezici eziningi okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kunqunywa inani lediphozi yethusi.Phakathi kwezinye izici, izinkampani kufanele zicabangele izinga, izindleko zokucwenga, izilinganiso zezinsiza zethusi kanye nokulula kokumba ithusi.Ngezansi ukubuka okufushane kwezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele lapho unquma inani lediphozi yethusi.

1

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-copper deposits ezikhona?

I-porphyry copper deposits inezinga eliphansi kodwa iwumthombo obalulekile wethusi ngoba ingambiwa ngesilinganiso esikhulu ngezindleko eziphansi.Ngokuvamile aqukethe u-0.4% kuya ku-1% wethusi kanye namanani amancane ezinye izinsimbi ezifana ne-molybdenum, isiliva negolide.I-porphyry copper deposits ngokuvamile inkulu futhi ikhishwa ngezimayini zomgodi ovulekile.

Amatshe e-copper-bearing sedimentary rocks awuhlobo lwesibili olubaluleke kakhulu lwe-copper deposits, ebalwa cishe ingxenye yesine ye-copper etholakele emhlabeni wonke.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-copper deposits ezitholakala emhlabeni jikelele zihlanganisa:

Amadiphozithi e-volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ayimithombo ye-copper sulfide eyakhiwe ngemicimbi yokushisa kwamanzi ezindaweni ezingaphansi kolwandle.

Idiphozithi ye-iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) iyinani eliphezulu lokugxila kwethusi, igolide ne-uranium ores.

Amadiphozithi e-Copper skarn, uma sikhuluma kabanzi, akhiwa ngokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali namaminerali okwenzeka lapho i-lithologies emibili ehlukene ihlangana.

2

Ingakanani ibanga elimaphakathi lamadiphozithi ethusi?

Ibanga liyisici esibalulekile senani lediphozi yezimbiwa futhi liyisilinganiso esisebenzayo sokugxila kwensimbi.Iningi lensimbi yethusi liqukethe ingxenye encane kuphela yensimbi yethusi eboshelwe kumaminerali abalulekile ensimbi.Itshe lensimbi elisele liyidwala elingafuneki.

Izinkampani zokuhlola zenza izinhlelo zokumba ukuze zikhiphe amasampula edwala abizwa ngokuthi ama-cores.Umnyombo ube usuhlaziywa ngamakhemikhali ukuze kutholwe “ibanga” lediphozithi.

Ibanga lediphozithi yethusi livame ukuvezwa njengephesenti lesisindo setshe eliphelele.Isibonelo, amakhilogremu angu-1000 ensimbi yethusi aqukethe amakhilogremu angu-300 ensimbi yethusi enebanga lama-30%.Lapho ukugxila kwensimbi kuphansi kakhulu, kungachazwa ngokwezingxenye ngesigidi ngasinye.Kodwa-ke, ibanga liwumgomo ojwayelekile wethusi, futhi izinkampani zokuhlola zilinganisela ibanga ngokubhoboza nokuhlola.

Isilinganiso se-copper ore ekhulwini lama-21 singaphansi kuka-0.6%, kanti ingxenye yamaminerali ensimbi esengqikithini yensimbi ingaphansi kuka-2%.

Abatshalizimali kufanele babuke izilinganiso zamabanga ngeso elibalulekile.Uma inkampani yokuhlola ikhipha isitatimende sebanga, abatshalizimali kufanele baqiniseke ukuthi bayasiqhathanisa nengqikithi yokujula komgogodla wokugaya osetshenziselwa ukunquma ibanga.Inani lebanga eliphezulu ekujuleni okuphansi liphansi kakhulu kunenani lebanga elimaphakathi elihambisana nenkambo ejulile.

3

Kubiza malini ukumba ithusi?

Izimayini zethusi ezinkulu kunazo zonke futhi ezinenzuzo kakhulu yizimayini zemigodi evulekile, nakuba izimayini zethusi ezingaphansi komhlaba zingavamile.Into ebaluleke kakhulu emayini yomgodi ovulekile isisetshenziswa esiseduze nendawo.

Izinkampani zezimayini zithanda kakhulu inani lomthwalo osindayo, okuyinani lamatshe angenalutho nomhlabathi ongaphezu kwensiza yethusi.Lokhu okubalulekile kufanele kususwe ukuze kufinyelele insiza.I-Escondida, okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, inezinsiza ezimbozwe umthwalo omkhulu, kodwa idiphozi isenayo inani lezomnotho ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinsiza ezingaphansi komhlaba.

4

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimayini zethusi?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene ze-copper ores: i-sulfide ores ne-oxide ores.Njengamanje, umthombo ovame kakhulu we-copper ore yi-sulfide mineral chalcopyrite, eyenza cishe u-50% wokukhiqizwa kwethusi.Izinsimbi ze-sulfide zicutshungulwa ngokusebenzisa i-froth flotation ukuze zithole ukugxila kwethusi.Izinsimbi zethusi eziqukethe i-chalcopyrite zingakhiqiza ama-concentrates aqukethe i-20% ​​kuya ku-30% yethusi.

I-chalcocite ebaluleke kakhulu igxile emazingeni aphezulu, futhi njengoba i-chalcocite ayinayo insimbi, okuqukethwe kwethusi ku-concentrate kusuka ku-37% kuya ku-40%.I-Chalcocite ibimbiwe amakhulu eminyaka futhi ingenye yensimbi yethusi enenzuzo kakhulu.Isizathu salokhu okuqukethwe kwethusi okuphezulu, futhi ithusi eliqukethe lihlukaniswa kalula nesulfure.

Nokho, akuyona imayini yethusi enkulu namuhla.I-Copper oxide ore ifakwe nge-sulfuric acid, ikhulula i-mineral yethusi ibe yisisombululo se-sulfuric acid esithwala isisombululo se-copper sulfate.Ithusi libe selikhishwa kusixazululo se-copper sulfate (okuthiwa isixazululo esicebile se-leach) ngokusebenzisa i-solvent kanye nenqubo yokubeka i-electrolytic, eyonga kakhulu kunokuntanta kwamagwebu.