Ngabe inani lediphozi lepholi linqunywa kanjani?

Ngabe inani lediphozi lepholi linqunywa kanjani?

Kunezici eziningi okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kunqunywa inani lediphozithi lethusi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izinkampani kumele zicabangele ibanga, izindleko zokuhlaziya, zilinganiselwa izinsiza zethuli zethusi kanye nokulula kwezimayini zethusi. Ngezansi kungukubuka okufushane kwezinto eziningana okufanele ubheke lapho kunqunywa inani lediphozithi lethusi.

1

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamadiphozithi akhona?

Amadiphozithi we-porphyry Copper anamabanga aphansi kepha angumthombo obalulekile wethusi ngoba angahlelwa ngezinga elikhulu ngezindleko eziphansi. Ngokuvamile aqukethe i-0.4% kuya ku-1% yethusi namanani amancane ezinye izinsimbi ezinjengeMolybdenum, isiliva negolide. Amadiphozithi we-porphyry Copper ngokuvamile ajwayele futhi akhishwe nge-open mining.

Amadwala e-sedimer-ethreni anezinhlobo zesibili ezibaluleke kakhulu zamadiphozithi wethusi, abalalelwa cishe ikota elilodwa lama-deposits we-Copper atholakele emhlabeni.

Ezinye izinhlobo zamadiphozithi zethusi ezitholakele emhlabeni wonke zifaka:

I-Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS) Idiphozithi ye-Copper Sulfide eyenziwe ngemicimbi ye-Hydrothermal ezindaweni zasolwandle.

I-Iron Oxide-Copper-Gold-Gold-GOLD (IOCG) Imali egxile kakhulu yethusi, igolide kanye ne-uranium ores.

I-Copper Skarn Deposits, ekhuluma kabanzi, yakhiwa ngokuguqulwa kwamaminerali kwamakhemikhali nangokomzimba okwenzeka lapho kuhlangana ama-lithologies amabili ahlukene.

2

Yini ibanga elijwayelekile lamadiphozithi wethusi?

Ibanga yinto ebalulekile ebaluleke kakhulu kwidiphozi yamaminerali futhi isilinganiso esisebenzayo sokuhlushwa kwensimbi. Iningi lama-ores liqukethe kuphela ingxenye encane yensimbi yethusi eboshwe kumaminerali abalulekile ore. Yonke i-ore kumadwa angafuneki.

Izinkampani Zokuhlola Ziphatha Izinhlelo Zokushayela ukuze zikhiphe amasampula e-rock abizwa ngokuthi ama-cores. Umgogodla bese uhlaziywa ngamakhemikhali ukuthola ukuthi "ibanga" lediphozithi.

Ibanga lediphozi le-Copper livame ukuvezwa njengephesenti lesisindo ledwala eliphelele. Isibonelo, amakhilogremu ayi-1000 e-Copper Ore aqukethe amakhilogremu angama-300 wensimbi yethusi nebanga lama-30%. Lapho ukugcwala kwensimbi kuphansi kakhulu, kungachazwa ngokuya ngezingxenye ngesigidi. Kodwa-ke, ibanga lingumhlangano ojwayelekile wezinkampani ezivamile zethusi, kanye nezinkampani zokuhlola zilinganisa ibanga ngokumba nangezindawo.

Ibanga elijwayelekile lethusi le-ore yethusi ngekhulu lama-21 lingaphansi kuka-0.6%, futhi ingxenye yamaminerali e-ore ku-ore ephelele ivolumu ye-ore ingaphansi kwe-2%.

Abatshalizimali kufanele babuke ukulinganisa kwebanga ngeso elibucayi. Lapho inkampani yokuhlola ikhipha isitatimende sebanga, abatshalizimali kufanele baqiniseke ukuthi bayiqhathanise nokujula okuphelele kwe-drill core esetshenziselwa ukunquma ibanga. Inani lebanga eliphakeme ekujuleni okuphansi liphansi kakhulu kunenani lebanga le-mediocre lihambisane nomgogodla ojulile.

3

Kubiza malini ithusi lami?

Izimayini ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezinenzuzo kakhulu ziyizimayini ezivulekile, yize izimayini zethusi ezingaphansi komhlaba zingejwayelekile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu emgodini ovulekile yimithombo esondele kakhulu ebusweni.

Izinkampani zezimayini zinesifiso esikhulu ngenani le-overburden, elingesilinganiso sedwala elingenamsebenzi nenhlabathi ngaphezulu komthombo wethusi. Lokhu okuqukethwe kumele kususwe ukufinyelela insiza. I-Escondida, okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, inezinsizakusebenza ezimbozwe yi-burburn ebanzi, kepha idiphozi isenenani lezomnotho ngenxa yenani elikhulu lemithombo engaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi komhlaba.

4

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimayini zethusi?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile zediphozithi lethusi: i-sulfide ores ne-onide ores. Njengamanje, umthombo ovame kakhulu weCopper Ore yi-Sulfide Mineral Chalcopyrite, ebiza cishe ama-50% wokukhiqizwa kwethusi. I-Sulfide Ores icutshungulwa nge-froth flotation ukuthola ukugxila kwe-Copper. I-Copper Ores equkethe i-chalcopyrite ingakhiqiza ukugxila okuqukethe ama-20% kuye ku-30% wethusi.

Ukugxila kwe-chalcocite ebaluleke kakhulu kuvame ukuba nebanga eliphakeme, futhi njengoba i-chalcocite iqukethe i-iron, okuqukethwe yithusi kumabanga angu-37 kuya ku-40%. I-CHALCOCITE imbiwe ngamakhulu eminyaka futhi ingenye ye-ores ye-Copper enenzuzo kakhulu. Isizathu salokhu okuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwethusi, futhi ithusi liqukethe ihlukaniswe kalula nesibabule.

Kodwa-ke, akuyona imayini enkulu yethusi namuhla. I-Copper onide ore iboshwe nge-sulfuric acid, ekhipha amaminerali ethusi abe yisixazululo se-sulfuric acid ephethe isixazululo se-sulfate yethusi. I-Copper isuka kwisixazululo se-aulfate yethusi (esibizwa ngokuthi yi-leach solution ecebile) ngokukhishwa kwe-solvent kanye nenqubomgomo ye-electrolytic ye-electrotic, okungokomnotho okuthe xaxa kunokuba kube yizomnotho ukwedlula ukugcwala.