Impikiswano yokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani kahle ama-reagents we-flotation kuyinto inkinga yokuthi unganquma kanjani kahle uhlelo lweMedideka ngaphambi kokufakelwa. Uhlelo lweMedicament lubhekisela kuhlobo lwe-reagents olungezwe ngesikhathi senqubo ye-flotation, inani le-reagents, indlela yokwengeza, indawo ye-dosing, i-oda le-dosing, njll. Uhlelo lweReagent lwesitshalo se-flotation luhlobene nemvelo ye I-ore, inqubo yokugeleza, imikhiqizo emibili yokusebenza kwamaminerali edinga ukutholakala, nezinye izinto. okuhlobene. Imvamisa kunqunywa ngokuhlolwa kokuzikhethela kwama-ores noma ukuhlolwa kwezimboni. Uhlelo lwezemithi luyinto ebalulekile ethinta izinkomba zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho zokucubungula amaminerali.
1. Izinhlobo zemithi
Izinhlobo zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziswa ezitshalweni ze-flotation zihlobene nezinto ezifana nohlobo lwe-ore, ukugeleza kwenqubo, kanye nezinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokucubungula amaminerali edinga ukutholakala. Imvamisa kunqunywa ngokuhlolwa okukhethwayo noma ukuhlolwa kwezimboni kwama-ores. Izinhlobo zezemithi zihlukaniswe ngokwemisebenzi yazo futhi zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu.
● Umenzeli we-Foaming: Ingaphezulu le-Organic elingaphezulu lisatshalaliswa esibonakalayo somoya wamanzi. Kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ungqimba lwegwebu olungakwazi ukuntanta amaminerali. Ama-Foaming Agents afaka uwoyela wephayini, uwoyela we-cresol, utshwala, njll;
● Ukuqoqa i-ejenti: Umsebenzi wayo ukuqoqa amaminerali ahlosiwe. I-ejenti yokuqoqa ingashintsha i-hydrophobicity yendawo yamaminerali futhi yenze izinhlayiya zamaminerali ezintantayo zinamathele kuma-bubble. Ngokusho kwezindawo zesenzo ze-ejenti, ihlukaniswe yaba abaqoqi abangewona ama-polar, abaqoqi be-anionic kanye nabaqoqi be-cationic. Abaqoqi abavame ukusetshenziswa bafaka umuthi omnyama, i-xanthate, umuthi omhlophe, ama-fatty acid, amafutha, amafutha amaminerali, njll.;
● Izinguquko: Ama-aguqukayo afaka izicubu kanye nama-inhibitors, aguqula izakhiwo zobuso bezinhlayiya zamaminerali futhi athinte ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaminerali nabaqoqi. Ama-aguqukayo asetshenziselwa futhi ukushintsha izakhiwo zamakhemikhali noma ze-electrochemical zemidiya enamanzi, njengokushintsha inani le-PH kanye nesimo somqoqi. Ama-aguqukayo afaka:
①. pH adjuster: lime, i-sodium carbonate, sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide;
②. Isishosholo: I-Thupper Sulfate, i-sodium sulfide;
③. I-inhibitors: I-lime, usawoti wegazi ophuzi, i-sulfium sulfide, i-sodium cyanide, i-zinc sulfate, i-potassium dichromate, isitashi samanzi, i-polymer ephezulu ye-colloid, njll.
④. Abanye: Ama-Wetting Agents, Ajenti Ontantayo, ama-solubililizer, njll.
2. Imithamo yemithi
Umthamo wama-reagents ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kumele abe lungile. Umthamo onganele noma owengeziwe uzothinta inkomba yokucubungula amaminerali, futhi umthamo owedlulele uzokwandisa izindleko zokucubungula amaminerali. Ubudlelwano phakathi komthamo wamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene kanye nenkomba ye-flotation yile:
①. Umthamo onganele we-Collector kanye ne-hydrophobicicity enganele yamaminerali azonciphisa izinga lokutakula. Umthamo owedlulele uzonciphisa ikhwalithi yokugxila okugxile futhi ulethe ubunzima ngokwahlukana nokufakelwa;
②. Umthamo onganele we-ejenti ye-Foaming uzoholela ekuqineni kwe-foam empofu, futhi umthamo owedlulele uzodala "i-groove egijima" phenomenon;
③. Uma umthamo we-activator umncane kakhulu, ukusebenza kusebenze ngeke kube kuhle, futhi uma umthamo mkhulu kakhulu, kuzobhubhisa ukukhethwa kwenqubo ye-flotation;
④. Imithamo enganele ye-inhibitors, ibanga eliphansi lokugxila, kanye nomthamo ngokweqile kuzovimba amaminerali okufanele aphume futhi anciphise izinga lokutakula.
3. Ukucushwa ekhemisi
Dlulisa umuthi oqinile ku-liquid ukuze ungeze kalula. Ama-ejenti ane-solubility amanzi ampofu, njenge-Xanthate, i-amylanine, i-sodium silicate, i-sodium carbonate, i-sulfate yethusi, i-sulfide, njll. " Ama-ejenti angenakufakwa emanzini kufanele achithwe ku-solvent kuqala, bese engezwa esikhaleni esinamanzi, njengabaqoqi be-anine. Ezinye zingezwa ngqo, njenge # 2 kawoyela, # 31 I-Black Powder, i-Oleic acid, njll. Okwenziwa ngemithi ancibilika kalula emanzini futhi inomthamo omkhulu, ukugxilwa kokulungiswa ngokuvamile kuya ku-20%. Isibonelo, i-sodium sulfide ilungiselelwe ngo-15% lapho isetshenziswa. Okwenziwa ngemithi ancibilike kabi emanzini, izixazululo ze-organic zingasetshenziswa ukuzichitha bese zilungele izixazululo zokuhlushwa okuphansi.
Ukukhetha kwendlela yokulungiselela amakhemiye kususelwa ikakhulu kwizakhiwo, izindlela zokungeza nemisebenzi yezemithi. Umthamo nomphumela womuthi ofanayo wehluka kakhulu ngenxa yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulungiselela. Ngokuvamile, izindlela zokulungiselela zinjengokulandelayo:
①. Lungiselela kukhambi elingu-2% kuya ku-10%. Iningi lamanzi ancibilikayo amakhamishini alungiswa ngale ndlela (njenge-xanthate, sulfate yethusi, ingilazi yamanzi, njll.);
②. Lungiselela nge-solvent. Eminye imikhandlu yokungena emanzini angafakwanga imali ingachithwa kuma-solvents akhethekile. Isibonelo, uBaiyao uyangena emanzini, kepha ancibilike ku-10% kuya ku-20% isixazululo se-aniline. Ngemuva kokulungiselela isixazululo esixubile se-anguline, singasetshenziswa; Kwesinye isibonelo, isidakamizwa esimnyama se-aniline singena ngaphakathi emanzini, kepha singachithwa kwikhambi le-alkaline le-sodium hydroxide, ngakho-ke uma usebenzisa isidakamizwa esimnyama se-aniline, kufanele uqale ulungiselele isisombululo se-alkali se-sodium, bese ufaka le nhlangano ukulungiselela i-aniline Isixazululo sotshwala esimnyama sengezwe ku-ejenti ye-flotation;
③. Bakha ukumiswa noma i-emulsion. Kweminye imikhandlu eqinile engancibiliki kalula, ingahlelwa ibe yi-emulsion. Uma i-solubity ye-lime emanzini incane kakhulu, i-lime ingaba yimpuphu ibe yimpuphu futhi ixutshwe namanzi ukwakha ukumiswa kwe-milky (noma kungangezwa ngqo ku-ball mill kanye ne-barter we-powder eyomile;
④. Ukuhlukaniswa. Kubaphathi abanamafutha acid, ukuSaponication kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu. Isibonelo, lapho ukhetha i-hematite, insipho yepharafini ehlanganisiwe kanye no-tarr usetshenziswa ndawonye njengabaqoqi. Ukuze uSapolify tarworidwor, lapho ulungiselela imithi, engeza cishe i-10% i-sodium carbonate bese uyishisa ukuze wenze ikhambi elishisayo lensipho;
⑤. I-Emulsation. Indlela ye-emulsassication ukusebenzisa i-emulsation ye-ultrasonic noma ukushukumisa okuqinile kwemishini ye-emulsation. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokukhuthaza ama-fatty acid kanye namafutha adizili, ukuhlakazeka kwawo ku-slurry kungandiswa futhi umphumela we-ejenti ungathuthukiswa. Ukungeza amanye ama-emulsiferi azoba nemiphumela engcono. Izinto eziningi ezisebenzayo ezingaphezulu zingasetshenziswa njengama-emulsifiers;
⑥. Acidization. Lapho usebenzisa umqoqi we-cationic, ngenxa ye-solubility yayo empofu, kufanele iphathwe ngaphambili nge-hydrochloric acid noma i-acetic acid ngaphambi kokuthi ichithwe emanzini futhi isetshenziselwa ukugcwaliswa kwamanzi futhi isetshenziselwa ukugcwala;
⑦. Indlela ye-Aerosol yindlela entsha yokulungiselela ethuthukisa umphumela wezemithi. Umnyombo wayo ukusebenzisa idivaysi ekhethekile yokufafaza ukuze uvimbele amakhamithi emikhakheni ephakathi nendawo futhi uyingeze ngqo ethangini le-flotation. , ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi "Indlela ye-Aerosol Flotation". Ukusebenzisa le ndlela akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukunyanya kwamaminerali awusizo, kepha futhi kunciphisa kakhulu umthamo wamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, umqoqi ungo-1/3 kuphela kuya ku-1/4 womthamo ojwayelekile, futhi umenzeli we-Foaming ungo-1/5 kuphela;
⑧. Ukwelashwa kwe-electrochemical kwama-reagents. Kulesixazululo, i-Direct yamanje isetshenziselwa ukwelapha amakhemikhali ama-reagents we-flotation, angashintsha isimo sezimpendulo ngokwawo, inani le-PH lesixazululo, ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise izingxenye ezisebenza ngezemithi. Inhloso ukukhulisa okuhlushwa okubucayi kokwakha izinhlayiya ze-colloidal futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokuhlakazeka kwama-agents anluble anluble emanzini. Imvamisa abaqoqi kanye nama-ejenti amagwebu angavuselelwa imizuzu engu-1-2, kepha amanye ama-ejenti adinga ukushukumisa isikhathi eside, njenge-potassium dicchromate yokuhlukaniswa kwethusi okuholela ethubeni lokuhola.
4. I-Dosing Indawo
Ukuze unikeze ukudlala okugcwele kwemiphumela yama-reagents we-flotation, umkhuba ojwayelekile endaweni ye-dosing ukwengeza abalawuli, ama-inhibitors kanye nabanye abaqoqi (njengamaphala) egangeni lebhola ukudala indawo efanelekile yokushayela ngokushesha okukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Umqoqi kanye ne-frother angezwa ethangini lokuqala elivusa amafloti.
Uma ukusebenza kwe-flotation kunemigqomo emibili yokuxuba, i-activator kufanele ingezwe emgqonyeni wokuqala wokuxuba, futhi umqoqi kanye ne-frother kufanele ingezwe kumgqomo wesibili wokuxuba. Ngokuya ngeqhaza le-ejenti emshinini we-flotation, indawo yokungezwa nayo ihlukile.
Isibonelo, kunamakhemikhali amathathu: i-sulfate yethusi, i-xanthate, no-peine alcohol oyela. Ukulandelana kwe-General Dosing ukwengeza i-Thupper Sulfate enkabeni yethangi lokuqala elivuselelayo, i-xanthate enkabeni yethangi lesibili elishukumisayo, kanye no-peine alcohol oyela enkabeni yethangi lesibili lokuvuselela ithangi. Phuma. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, izitshalo ze-flotation kuqala engeza i-PH adjuster ukuze uguqule i-slurry nenani elifanelekile le-PH ukuze usebenze kangcono imiphumela yabaqoqi kanye nama-inhibitors. Lapho ungeza amakhemikhali, qaphela ukuthi amanye ama-ion alimazayo angadala ukuthi umuthi wehluleke.
Isibonelo, ukusabela phakathi kwe-Copper Ion nama-Ions e-Hydride kuzokwenza ukuthi i-hydride ihluleke. Ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kweCopper-Sulfur, uma kuvela ama-copper eons amaningi ethangini elivusa ama-tank, ungangezi i-cyanide kuthangi elivusa ama-tank, kepha ungeze ngqo ekuweni kokuhlukana. Ukukhetha umsebenzi.
I-5. Ukulandelana Kwe-Dosing
The general order of dosing in a flotation plant is: for the flotation of raw ore, it should be: pH adjuster, inhibitor or activator, frother, collector; Amaminerali athi ukufukula kwawo kuvinjelwe yile: activator, umqoqi, umenzeli.
6. Indlela yokudonsa
Kuvame ukuba nezinhlobo ezimbili zokungezwa okumaphakathi nokungezelelwa okuhlakazeka. Umgomo jikelele uthi: Kwabase-ejenti abancibilikisa kalula emanzini, kunzima ukususwa yi-foam, futhi kunzima ukuphelelwa yisikhathi, bangangezwa ndawonye, okungukuthi, wonke ama-ejenti angangezwa ngasikhathi sinye ngaphambi kokukhethwa okunzima. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lawo ma-ejenti athathwa kalula yi-foam futhi anikezwa kalula engaphumeleli ngokuxhumana ngodaka oluhle nosawoti obuthabile kufanele angezwe ezigabeni.
Ama-aguqukayo, ama-inhibitors kanye nabanye abaqoqi (njengamakadene) angezwe ku-ball mill, futhi abaqoqi kanye nama-ejenti angezwe kakhulu emgqonyeni wokuqala wokuxuba we-flotation. Uma kunemigqomo emibili yokuxuba ekusebenzeni kwe-flotation, kufanele ingezwe emgqonyeni wesithathu wokuxuba. Ngeza i-activator emgqonyeni owodwa wokuxuba, bese wengeza umqoqi kanye ne-ejenti ye-foaming emgqonyeni wesibili wokuxuba (njengokusebenza kwe-zinc flotation).
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-20-2024
