IPhilippines: Isikhungo Esiyinhloko Semithombo Yezimbiwa ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia

Itholakala ngaphakathi kwePacific Ring of Fire, iPhilippines inemithombo eminingi yamaminerali ensimbi nengeyona eyensimbi. Iphakathi kweziphezulu emhlabeni jikelele ngemithombo egciniwe ye-nickel, ithusi, igolide, kanye ne-chromite. Naphezu kwentuthuko elinganiselwe yamanje, amandla ayo amaminerali makhulu kakhulu, okwenza ibe ngomunye wabathengisi bamaminerali abaphambili emhlabeni.

Izinsizakusebenza Zamaminerali

• I-Nickel:Izinqolobane zensimbi ye-nickel eziqinisekisiwe zimi kuAmathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.8, ebekwe endaweni yesithupha emhlabeni jikelele. Amadiphozithi ikakhulukazi ama-ore e-nickel e-lateritic, abonakala ngokungcwatshwa okungajulile kanye nobunzima obuphansi bokukhipha, yize izinga liphansi kakhulu.
• I-Chromite:Izinqolobane eziqinisekisiwe zicishe zibeAmathani ayizigidi ezingu-38, okwenza kube yindawo yesithupha ngobukhulu emhlabeni wonke egcina ama-chromite futhi kube yiyona yodwa ekhiqiza ama-chromite ayinhloko eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
• Igolide:Izimali ezigciniwe zifinyelela cishe ku-Amathani angu-5,800, ebekwe endaweni yesithathu emhlabeni wonke ngokwezindawo ezigciniwe ngeyunithi ngayinye.
• Ithusi:Kusukela ngo-2024, izinqolobane zethusi zeBanga A zasePhilippines zanda ngo-21.8%unyaka nonyaka kuyaAmathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.02Izwe liphakathi kwezihamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele ngemithombo yethusi, liqokomisa amandla amakhulu emithombo.

Ukusatshalaliswa Kwemithombo Yezimbiwa

• I-Nickel:Itholakala kakhulu eNyakatho Luzon, eNingizimu Mindanao, kanye nezifundazwe eziphakathi zasePangasinan naseCavite. Ukumba i-nickel ePhilippines kunomlando omude kanye nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokukhipha zifaka phakathi ukumba imigodi evulekile (okusetshenziswa kuma-ore asezingeni eliphezulu) kanye nokumba ngaphansi komhlaba (okusetshenziselwa ama-ore asezingeni eliphansi).
• I-Chromite:Ukusatshalaliswa kubonisa ukuhlushwa okuhlukile kwesifunda, kwakha amabhande amathathu ayisisekelo e-metallogenic: i-Luzon Chromite Belt, i-Mindanao Chromite Belt, kanye ne-Samar Chromite Belt.
• Igolide:Ama-deposit egolide e-Placer asatshalaliswa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi agxile emifuleni, ezindaweni ezisogwini, kanye nasemathafeni agcwele amanzi kulo lonke elaseLuzon, eziQhingini zaseVisayas eziphakathi, kanye nezingxenye zaseMindanao.
• Ithusi:Isatshalaliswa kakhulu ezifundazweni ezinezintaba zaseNyakatho yeLuzon (Zambales, Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya) naseningizimu (Northern Surigao, Davao, Eastern Davao, kanye nendawo yaseTampakan eMindanao). Ingxenye ebalulekile yalezi zidiphozi ihlala ingakahlolwa noma isesigabeni esilindelekile.

Inqubomgomo kanye Nemvelo Yezomthetho

• Imikhawulo Yobunikazi Bakwamanye Amazwe:Ngaphansi koMthethosisekelo wasePhilippines, izabelo zakwamanye amazwe kumaphrojekthi ezimayini ngokuvamile zilinganiselwe ku-40%Kodwa-ke, kukhona okuhlukile okubalulekile nge-Isivumelwano Sosizo Lwezezimali noma Lobuchwepheshe (FTAA), okuvumela100%ubunikazi bangaphandle kodwa kubeka imingcele ephezulu yokutshalwa kwezimali (isb., ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kakhulu kweAma-USD ayizigidi ezingama-50).
• Ushintsho Esiqondisweni Senqubomgomo:Inqubomgomo yezimayini yasePhilippines ishintshe kusukela ekuvinjelweni kuya ekukhuthazweni. Ukumiswa okusha kwezimayini okwaqaliswa ngo-2012, okwahlala iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, kwasuswa ngo-2012.2021ukuheha utshalomali nokuvuselela umnotho.
• Inqubomgomo Yamuva Yezimboni (EO 122):Ngo-Agasti 2026, uMongameli wasePhilippines wasayina uHlaka Lwenqubomgomo Kazwelonke Lwemboni Yezimbiwa Ezibalulekile (i-Executive Order No. 122). Izinhloso zalo eziyinhloko yilezi:
  • Ukuvinjelwa Kokuthunyelwa Kwe-Ore Engavuthiwe:Ukukhuthaza ukucutshungulwa kwezimbiwa zasekhaya, ukuthuthukisa izimboni zokuncibilikisa nokukhiqiza, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukwengezwa kwenani lezinsizakusebenza.
  • Imizamo Eyandisiwe Yokuhlola:Uhlelo lokuhlola ngokuhlelekile cisheAmahektha ayizigidi ezingu-9yezindawo ezinamathuba aphezulu.
  • Izinqubo Zokugunyazwa Ezilula:Ukusungula ipulatifomu yesevisi yedijithali "ebonakalayo eyodwa" ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwelayisensi yezimvume zokumba.