Indlela yokwelashwa okuphuthumayo yeSodium Hydroxide

I-Sodium Hydroxide (NAOH), eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi yi-Caustic Soda, i-Caustic Soda, kanye neCaustic Soda, ibizwa nangokuthi iCaustic Soda eHong Kong ngenxa yelinye igama: i-caustic soda. Kuyinto eqinile emhlophe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni futhi iyawa ngokuphelele. Soluble kalula emanzini, ikhambi lakhe lamanzi linamandla anamandla futhi lingaphenduka i-Phenolphthalein Red. I-Sodium Hydroxide iyisisekelo esisetshenziswa kakhulu kanye neminye yemithi ebalulekile ebalebhu yekhemikhali. I-Sodium Hydroxide ibamba kalula umphunga wamanzi emoyeni, ngakho-ke kufanele ivalwe futhi igcinwe ngesivimbo senjoloba. Isixazululo saso singasetshenziswa njengoketshezi lokugeza.

Umthelela wezemvelo】
1. Izingozi zezempilo. Imizila yokuhlasela: ukuphefumula kanye nokungena. Izingozi Zezempilo: Lo mkhiqizo uyacasula kakhulu futhi uyawa. Uthuli noma intuthu ingacasula amehlo nepheshana lokuphefumula kanye ne-carlode ye-septum yamakhala; ukuxhumana ngqo phakathi kwesikhumba namehlo noNaoh kungadala ukushiswa; Ukungenisa ngengozi kungadala ukushiswa kwesisu, ukuguguleka kwama-membrane, ukopha nokushaqeka.
2. Izingozi zezemvelo kanye nezimpawu eziyingozi: Lo mkhiqizo ngeke ushise. Izokhiqiza inani elikhulu lokushisa lapho livezwa umphunga wamanzi kanye namanzi, akha isixazululo esisolisayo. Hlangothi nge-acid bese ukhipha ukushisa. Kuwonakalisa kakhulu. Imikhiqizo yokuhlanganisa (ukubola): ingakhiqiza intumes enobuthi elinobungozi.

[Izindlela zokwelashwa okuphuthumayo]
1. Impendulo ephuthumayo yokuvuza: Hlukanisa indawo engcoliswe evuthiwe bese usetha izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezizungezile. Kunconywe ukuthi abaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo bagqoke imaski yegesi namasudi avikela amakhemikhali. Ungathathi ukuxhumana ngqo nezinto ezivuthiwe. Sebenzisa ifosholo elihlanzekile ukuliqoqa esitsheni esomile, esihlanzekile nemboziwe. Faka inani elincane likaNaoh ngenani elikhulu lamanzi, lungise ukuze ungathathi hlangothi, bese ulifaka ohlelweni lwamanzi lwase-Wastewater. Ungahlanza futhi ngamanani amakhulu amanzi bese ubeka amanzi okugeza ahlanjululwe ohlelweni lwamanzi lwase-wastewater. Uma kunenani elikhulu lokuvuza, liqoqe futhi liphinde livuselele noma lilahle ngemuva kokwelashwa okungenangozi.
2. Izindlela zokuvikela izilinganiso zokuphefumula uhlelo lokuphefumula: gqoka imaski yegesi lapho kunesidingo. Ukuvikelwa kwamehlo: Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha zamakhemikhali. Izingubo Zokuvikela: Ukugqoka okujwayelekile (okwenziwe ngezinto zokulwa nokuwohloka). Ukuvikelwa Kwezandla: Gqoka amagilavu ​​enjoloba. Abanye: Ngemuva komsebenzi, geza futhi bashintshe izingubo. Nakisisa inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu. I-3. Usizo lokuqala lukala ukuthintana isikhumba: hlambulula ngokushesha ngamanzi amaningi, bese ufaka isicelo esingu-3% -5% BORIC Acid Solution. Ukuthintwa ngamehlo: masinyane ukuphakamisa amashiya futhi kuthambeke ngamanzi agijimayo noma usawoti okungenani imizuzu eyi-15. Noma hlambulula nge-3% boric acid solution. Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa. I-inhalation: hambisa ngokushesha emoyeni omusha. Nikeza ukuphefumula kokufakelwa uma kunesidingo. Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa. Ukungenisa: Ubuthi emlonyeni kufanele bugezwe ngokushesha okukhulu ngento efana neprotheni, njengobisi, iyogathi neminye imikhiqizo yobisi. Hlambulula umlomo wakho ngokushesha lapho isiguli siphapheme, sihlanjululwe uviniga noma ujusi kalamula ngomlomo, futhi ufune ukwelashwa. Izindlela zokucima umlilo

Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali】
1. Naoh yisisekelo esinamandla futhi sinazo zonke izakhiwo zesisekelo.
2. Inani elikhulu le-ohin i-IONIWE KULULA KWESIBILI: NAOOH = NA + OH
3. Ukusabela nge-acid: Naoh + Hcl = NACL + H2ONAOOH + Hno3 = Nano3 + H2O
4. Ungasabela ngo-acidic oxides: 2Ahooh + She2 (aswelisekile) = NA1S3 + H2OONAOOH + SO2 (okweqile kwe-NAHSO3 (okweqile
5 ) 3 ↓ + 3h2 ↑)
6. I-alkali eqinile ingasetshenziswa ukulungiselela i-alkali ebuthakathaka: Naoh + NH4CL = NACL + NH3 · H2O
7. Ungasabela ngosawoti athile: 2Ahora + Cuso4 = CU (oh) 2 ↓ + NA2SO42AH + Mgcl2 = 2nacl + MG (OH) 2 ↓
8. Naoh kuyawohloka kakhulu futhi kungabhubhisa ukwakheka kwamaprotheni.
9. Naoh bangadonsa ikhabhoni dioksijini. Inqubo yokuphendula imi kanjena: 2Anaoh + CO2 = NA2CO3 + H2O (inani elincane le-CO2) Naoh + CO2 = NAHCO3 (Oxedlulile CO2)
10. UNaoh angaphendula nge-silica, iSio2 + 2naoh = NA2SOOH = NA2SOIO3 + H2O (ngoba i-NA2SIO3 iyisikhilo esikhulu se-glue glue, uma isivimba sivame ukunamathela ebhodleleni, okwenza Kunzima ukuvula, ngakho-ke lapho amabhodlela engilazi aqukethe i-sodium hydroxide, kufanele kusetshenziswe ama-rubber stop)
11. Ungasabela ngezinkomba. "Izakhiwo ze-Alkali" zizophenduka zibomvu lapho zivezwa yi-phenolphthalein engenamibala (i-sodium hydroxide futhi zizodala ukuthi uPhenolphthalein aze afezeke), futhi ajike okwesibhakabhaka lapho kuvezwa ku-Purple LitMUS Test Vivitor.
12. Kulula ukudilizwa lapho kufakwa emoyeni, futhi kumunca i-CO2 emoyeni futhi kuwohloka. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ibekwe endaweni eyomile futhi nayo ingasetshenziswa kugesi osomile. QAPHELA Amanothi】 upakisha ngokuqinile bese ugcina endaweni epholile, eyomile. Ukugcina okuhlukile nokuhamba kwama-acid nezinto ezivuthayo. Uma kwenzeka kunesikhumba (iso) othintana naye, hlambulula ngamanzi amaningi agobhozayo. Uma isikhumba, faka i-boric acid ngemuva kwalokho. Uma iginya ngephutha, hlamba umlomo ngamanzi, phuza ubisi noma iqanda elimhlophe. Izindlela zokulwa nomlilo: Amanzi, isihlabathi. Abanye abathengisi emakethe basebenzisa izimboni ze-sodium hydroxide lapho becubungula ama-shrimp afriziwe, angavunyelwe. Ukususwa kokungcola kungathathi hlangothi. I-CO2 exutshwe kugesi ye-alkali ingasuswa ngokusabela okulandelayo: CO2 + 2Anaoh = NA2CO3 + H2O. I-calcium hydroxide iyinto esothayo kancane futhi ayikwazi ukudonsa ngaphezulu kwe-CO2 ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, ngakho-ke uNaoh ngokuvamile usetshenziselwa ukumuncwa. Ukufakazela i-CO2, i-calcium hydroxide isetshenziswa.