Imboni yezimayini nezensimbi iyinsika ebalulekile yengqalasizinda yomhlaba, ukuthuthukiswa kwezokwakha, nezobuchwepheshe. Ngo-2024, kubhekiswe emakethe yezokumbiwa phansi kwe-Global kanye ne-Metals ukuze kufinyelele ku- $ 1.5 trillion, ngokhuphuke okulindelwe kube yi- $ 1.57 trillion ngo-2025 trillion kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule kube ku- $ 2.36 trillion (CAGR ) ka-5.20%. Lokhu kukhula kuqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko ukusheshisa ukuhamba emadolobheni, ukuthuthuka kwezimboni ezimakethe ezivelayo, nasekuthuthukisweni kwezimo ezinzile zezimayini. Ngo-2024, imakethe yensimbi eyigugu, kufaka phakathi igolide nesiliva, izofinyelela ama- $ 350 billion, okukhombisa ukufunwa okuqinile kubo bonke abatshalizimali kanye nezicelo zezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imakethe yezinsimbi zezimboni zomhlaba wonke, kufaka phakathi ithusi, i-aluminium ne-zinc, kulindeleke ukuthi idlule ku- $ 800 billion ngo-2026, iqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ezithuthayo, kanye namaphrojekthi wamandla avuselelekayo.
Izimakethe ezivelayo, ezinjenge China, India, kanye neBrazil, zidlala indima enkulu ekubumbeni ikusasa lemboni yezimayini nezensimbi. Ukushiswa kwabantu emadolobheni okusheshayo kanye nokutshalwa kwengqalasizinda kudinga isidingo esikhulu sezinto zokwakha kanye nezinsimbi zezimboni. Isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi yaseChina, inkomba ebucayi yesidingo sensimbi yomhlaba, kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngokuxhaswa ngokusekelwa okuvela kuHulumeni wokuvuselela izinqumo nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amadolobha.
Ngaphezu kokunwetshwa kwemakethe, imboni ibhekene ne-paradigm shift ebheke emikhubeni yokuzinza izimayini nokuphathwa kwemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obunjengezimoto ezizimele, ukuzwela okukude, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezobunhloli yezobunhloli ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezemvelo ngenkathi kunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo. Imakethe yezixazululo zomhlaba wonke ezinzile, kubandakanya nezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwamanzi nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla okuvuselelekayo, kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule endaweni eyi-7.9%, ifinyelela ama- $ 12,4 billion ngo-2026 ngo-2026.
1. I-China (usayizi wemakethe: $ 299 billion)
Kusukela ngo-2023, iChina ibusa imakethe yezimayini nezensimbi emhlabeni wonke, ibambe isabelo semakethe esingu-27,3% ngosayizi wemakethe wama- $ 299 billion. Ingqalasizinda eqinile yezwe eqinile yezimboni kanye nemisebenzi yezimayini ebanzi kakhulu inikela kakhulu ngosayizi wayo wemakethe. Ukugxila kweChina ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda, kufaka phakathi imigwaqo, ujantshi kanye namaphrojekthi edolobhana, ukudinwa kwezinsimbi ezifana nensimbi ne-aluminium. Ngokwengeziwe, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamasu kweChina ngamandla avuselelekayo nezimoto zikagesi zithuthukisa imakethe yezinsimbi ezidingekayo ekwakhiweni kwebhethri nokuvuselelwa kwamandla.
2. I-Australia (usayizi wemakethe: $ 234 billion)
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwemakethe, i-Australia ibamba isikhundla esibalulekile emakethe yezimayini yezokumbiwa phansi kanye ne-metals, accounting ngo-13.2% wesabelo semakethe ngosayizi wemakethe ongu- $ 234 billion. Izinsizakusebenza eziningi ezinamaminerali ziningi, kufaka phakathi i-iron ore, amalahle, igolide kanye nethusi, zinomthelela omkhulu emakethe yakhe emi. Imakethe yezimayini e-Australia inzuzo evela kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile bezimayini kanye nengqalasizinda, iqinisekisa ukukhishwa okusebenzayo kanye namakhono okuthekelisa. Imboni yezokumbiwa phansi idlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wase-Australia, okuthengiswayo kwezimayini kungumthombo omkhulu wemali engenayo.
I-3. I-United States (usayizi wemakethe: $ 156 billion)
Ngo-2023, i-United States inesikhundla esibalulekile emakethe yezimayini nezensimbi zomhlaba wonke, ngesabelo semakethe esingu-12% kanye nosayizi wemakethe ongu- $ 156 billion. Imakethe yezimayini yase-US ihlukene phakathi, kufaka phakathi izinsimbi ezinjengethusi, igolide, isiliva, nezinto zomhlaba ezingavamile. Imboni yezokumbiwa embonini e-US inzuzo evela kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile kanye nengqalasizinda eqinisekisa ukukhishwa okusebenzayo kanye nokusebenza kwemisebenzi. Abashayeli abakhulayo abasemqoka bahlanganisa ukufunwa ekwakheni, izimoto, nezimakethe ze-aerospace, ezithembela kakhulu kwizinsimbi ezifana nensimbi, i-aluminium ne-titanium.
4. I-Russia (usayizi wemakethe: $ 130 billion)
I-Russia idlala indima enkulu emakethe yezimayini nezensimbi zomhlaba wonke, ngesabelo semakethe esingu-10% kanye nosayizi wemakethe ongu- $ 130 billion. Izinsizakusebenza ezicebile zezwe, kufaka phakathi i-iron ore, i-nickel, i-aluminium, ne-palladium, isekela isikhundla sayo semakethe esinamandla. Imboni yezokumbiwa phansi eRussia inzuzo evela ezinsizakalweni eziningi namakhono okukhishwa afanele, asekelwa yinethiwekhi yengqalasizinda eqinile. Izimakethe ezibalulekile ezifunwa ngokushayela zibandakanya i-metallurgy, ukwakhiwa, kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza imishini, konke okuncike kakhulu kwizinsimbi zaseRussia.
I-5. ICanada (Usayizi Wezimakethe: $ 117 billion)
ICanada iphethe isikhundla esibalulekile emakethe yezimayini nezensimbi zomhlaba wonke, ngesabelo semakethe esingu-9% kanye nosayizi wemakethe wama- $ 117 billion. Imakethe yezimayini yaseCanada ibonakala ngemithombo yayo yemvelo eningi yemvelo, kufaka phakathi imali ebalulekile yegolide, ithusi, i-nickel ne-uranium. Imboni yezimayini eCanada inzuzo ebuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nasezintweni ezinomthwalo wemvelo, iqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwezinsizakusebenza nokucutshungulwa. Abashayeli abakhulayo abasemqoka bafaka isidingo esinamandla esivela emandleni, ingqalasizinda, kanye nemikhakha yokukhiqiza, ethembela kakhulu kwizinsimbi zaseCanada.
6. IBrazil (usayizi wemakethe: $ 91 billion)
Ngokokucwaninga kwemakethe, iBrazil idlala indima ebalulekile emakethe yezimayini nezensimbi zomhlaba, ngesabelo semakethe sika-7% kanye nosayizi wemakethe ongu- $ 91 billion. Izwe linemithombo ebanzi yamaminerali, kufaka phakathi i-iron ore, i-bauxite, kanye nabanganengane, eshayela isikhundla sayo esivelele emakethe yomhlaba. Imboni yezokumbiwa phansi eBrazil inzuzo evela kubuchwepheshe besimanjemanje sokukhishwa kanye nengqalasizinda, okwenza ukukhiqizwa okusebenzayo kanye namandla okuthumela ngaphandle. Izinkomo ezibalulekile zokufunwa kwezindawo zifaka ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, konke okuncike kakhulu ezinsimbi zaseBrazil.
7. I-Mexico (usayizi wemakethe: $ 26 billion)
IMexico ibamba isikhundla esibalulekile emakethe yezimayini nezensimbi zomhlaba wonke, ngesabelo semakethe se-2% kanye nosayizi wemakethe wama- $ 26 billion. Imakethe yezimayini yezwe iyahlukaniswa, kufaka phakathi izinsimbi eziyigugu ezinjengesiliva negolide, kanye namaminerali wezimboni afana ne-zinc futhi ahole. IMexico izuza ekunikezelweni kwayo okucebile kwe-geological kanye nezinqubomgomo ezinhle zezimayini ezikhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nentuthuko. Abashayeli abakhulayo abasemqoka bafaka ukufunwa okuqinile kwasekhaya okuvela ekwakheni, izimoto, kanye nemikhakha ye-elekthronikhi, konke okuncike kwizinsimbi zaseMexico.
8. INingizimu Afrika (usayizi wemakethe: $ 71.5 billion)
INingizimu Afrika igcina ubukhona obukhulu eMakethe Yezimayini Yezimayini Nezinsimbi, ngesabelo semakethe esingu-5.5% kanye nosayizi wemakethe ongu- $ 71.5 billion. Izwe laziwa ngemithombo yalo ecebile yamaminerali, kufaka phakathi iplatinamu, igolide, i-manganese, namalahle, asekela isikhundla sayo semakethe esiqinile. Umkhakha wezimayini eSouth Africa uzuza ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile bokukhishwa kanye nengqalasizinda, uqinisekise ukukhiqizwa okusebenzayo kanye namakhono okuthumela ngaphandle. Izici ezibalulekile zezinkomo zokushayela zibandakanya ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yezimayini, abaguquli bezimoto, kanye nokukhiqizwa kobucwebe, konke okuncike kakhulu ezinsimbi zaseNingizimu Afrika.
9. IChile (usayizi wemakethe: $ 52 billion)
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwemakethe, iChile iphethe isikhundla esibalulekile emakethe yezimayini kanye nezinsimbi zomhlaba, ngesabelo semakethe esingu-4.0% kanye nosayizi wemakethe wama- $ 52 billion. Izwe lidume ngezinqolobane zalo zethusi eziningi.
I-10. I-India (usayizi wemakethe: $ 45,5 billion)
I-India idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emakethe yezimayini nezensimbi zomhlaba wonke, ngesabelo semakethe esingu-3.5% kanye nosayizi wemakethe ongu- $ 45,5 billion. Imakethe yaseNdiya yaseNdiya iyahlukaniswa, kufaka phakathi izinsimbi ezinjenge-Iron Ore, amalahle, i-aluminium ne-zinc. Imboni yezokumbiwa e-India ezuzwa yimithombo yeminerali ebanzi kanye nokukhula kwezidingo zasekhaya eziqhutshwa yingqalasizinda, ukukhiqiza, kanye nemikhakha yezimoto. Imakethe isekelwa ngentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bezimayini kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, iqinisekisa ukukhishwa okukhishwe kahle kwamakhono nokusebenza. Abashayeli abakhulayo abasemqoka bafaka imizamo kahulumeni okuhloswe ngayo ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya, ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphandle, futhi kuthuthukiswe imikhuba yezimayini ezinzile.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-18-2025
