Umehluko Phakathi Kwe-Nitrate Ne-Nitrate

Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-nitrate ne-nitrite ukuthi i-nitrate iqukethe ama-athomu amathathu oksijini ahlanganiswe ne-athomu ye-nitrogen kanti i-nitrite iqukethe ama-athomu amabili omoya-mpilo ahlanganiswe ne-athomu ye-nitrogen.
Kokubili i-nitrate ne-nitrite ama-anion angaphili aqukethe ama-athomu e-nitrogen ne-oxygen.Zombili lezi anion zineshaji kagesi engu-1.Ikakhulukazi zenzeka njenge-anion yezinhlanganisela zikasawoti.Kukhona umehluko phakathi kwe-nitrate ne-nitrite;sizoxoxa ngalowo mehluko kulesi sihloko.

Iyini i-Nitrate?

I-Nitrate i-anion engaphili enefomula yamakhemikhali NO3–.I-polyatomic anion enama-athomu angu-4;i-athomu eyodwa ye-nitrogen nama-athomu amathathu omoya-mpilo.I-anion inenkokhelo engu-1 iyonke.Isisindo se-molar sale anion singama-62 g/mol.Futhi, le anion itholakala ku-conjugate acid yayo;i-nitric acid noma i-HNO3.Ngamanye amazwi, i-nitrate iyisisekelo se-conjugate se-nitric acid.

Kafushane, i-nitrate ion ine-athomu eyodwa ye-nitrogen phakathi nendawo ehlangana nama-athomu amathathu omoya-mpilo nge-covalent chemical bonding.Uma kucutshungulwa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwale anion, inamabhondi amathathu afanayo NO (ngokwezakhiwo ze-resonance ye-anion).Ngakho-ke, i-geometry ye-molecule i-trigonal planar.I-athomu ngayinye yomoya-mpilo ithwala ukushaja okungu-− 2⁄3, okunikeza inani eliphelele le-anion njengo--1.

Ngokucindezela okujwayelekile nezinga lokushisa, cishe zonke izinhlanganisela zikasawoti eziqukethe le anion ziyancibilika emanzini.Singathola usawoti we-nitrate owenzeka ngokwemvelo emhlabeni njengamadiphozithi;i-nitratine deposits.Ngokuyinhloko iqukethe i-nitrate ye-sodium.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhaktheriya e-nitrifying angakhiqiza i-nitrate ion.Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu usawoti we-nitrate ukukhiqiza umanyolo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iwusizo njenge-oxidizing eziqhumeni.

Iyini i-Nitrite?

I-Nitrite iwusawoti ongaphili onefomula yamakhemikhali NO2–.Le anion iyi-anion yokulinganisa, futhi ine-athomu eyodwa ye-nitrogen ehlanganiswe nama-athomu amabili omoya-mpilo anamabhondi amakhemikhali amabili afanayo NO-COvalent.Ngakho, i-athomu ye-nitrogen imaphakathi ne-molecule.I-anion inenkokhelo engu-1 iyonke.

I-molar mass ye-anion ingu-46.01 g/mol.Futhi, le anion itholakala ku-nitrous acid noma i-HNO2.Ngakho-ke, isisekelo se-conjugate se-nitrous acid.Ngakho-ke, singakwazi ukukhiqiza usawoti we-nitrite ngokwezimboni ngokudlulisela intuthu ye-nitrous ibe yisisombululo se-aqueous sodium hydroxide.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kukhiqiza i-sodium nitrite esingayihlanza nge-recrystallization.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-nitrite salts afana ne-sodium nitrite awusizo ekulondolozeni ukudla ngoba angavimbela ukudla ekukhuleni kwamagciwane.

Uyini Umehluko Phakathi Kwe-Nitrate ne-Nitrate?

I-Nitrate iyi-anion engaphili enefomula yamakhemikhali engu-NO3– kanti i-Nitrite ingusawoti ongaphili onefomula yamakhemikhali NO2–.Ngakho-ke, umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-nitrate ne-nitrite uphezu kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwama-anion amabili.Leyo;umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-nitrate ne-nitrite ukuthi i-nitrate iqukethe ama-athomu amathathu omoya-mpilo ahlanganiswe ne-athomu ye-nitrogen kuyilapho i-nitrite iqukethe ama-athomu amabili omoya-mpilo ahlanganiswe ne-athomu ye-nitrogen.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nitrate ion itholakala ku-conjugate acid yayo;i-nitric acid, kuyilapho i-nitrite ion itholakala ku-nitrous acid.Njengomunye umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-nitrate ne-nitrite ions, singasho ukuthi i-nitrate iyi-ejenti ene-oxidizing ngoba inganciphisa kuphela kanti i-nitrite ingenza njenge-oxidizing ne-ejenti yokunciphisa.