I-chrome ore inenani elingakanani?

I-chrome ore inenani elingakanani?

01
Intengo eyisisekelo yamazwe ngamazwe yensimbi ye-chrome ikakhulukazi isethwa i-Glencore kanye ne-Samanco ngokubonisana nabahwebi.

Izintengo zomhlaba wonke ze-chromium ore zinqunywa ikakhulukazi izimo zokuhlinzekwa kwemakethe kanye nesidingo futhi zilandela amathrendi emakethe.Ayikho indlela yokuxoxisana yentengo yonyaka noma yanyanga zonke.Intengo yesisekelo se-chromium ore yamazwe ngamazwe inqunywa ngokuyinhloko ngezingxoxo phakathi kwe-Glencore ne-Samanco, abakhiqizi be-chrome ore abakhulu emhlabeni, ngemva kokuvakashela abasebenzisi ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene.Izintengo ezinikezwa ngumkhiqizi nezintengo zokuthenga komsebenzisi ngokuvamile zisethwa ngokusekelwe kulesi sithenjwa.

02
Iphethini yomhlaba wonke yokunikezwa kwe-chrome ore kanye nesidingo igxile kakhulu.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukunikezwa nokufunwa kuye kwaqhubeka nokuxega, futhi amanani aye aguquguquka emazingeni aphansi.
Okokuqala, ukusatshalaliswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-chromium ore kugxile kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika, eKazakhstan, eNdiya nakwamanye amazwe, ngezinga eliphezulu lokugxila kokuhlinzekwa.Ngo-2021, isamba semithombo ye-chromium ore emhlabeni wonke singamathani ayizigidi ezingu-570, lapho i-Kazakhstan, iNingizimu Afrika, ne-India enza u-40.3%, u-35%, no-17.5% ngokulandelana, okubalelwa cishe u-92.8% wezinqolobane zomhlaba wonke ze-chromium.Ngo-2021, isamba sokukhiqizwa kwe-chromium ore emhlabeni wonke singamathani ayizigidi ezingama-41.4.Ukukhiqizwa kugxile kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika, Kazakhstan, Turkey, India naseFinland.Izilinganiso zokukhiqiza zingu-43.5%, 16.9%, 16.9%, 7.2%, no-5.6% ngokulandelana.Isamba sesisonke sidlula ama-90%.

Okwesibili, iGlencore, iSamanco kanye ne-Eurasian Resources zingabakhiqizi abakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni we-chromium ore, futhi baqale bakha isakhiwo semakethe yokuhlinzeka nge-oligopoly chromium ore.Kusukela ngo-2016, izikhondlakhondla ezimbili i-Glencore ne-Samanco zikhuthalele ukuhlanganiswa nokutholwa kwensimbi ye-chrome yaseNingizimu Afrika.Cishe ngoJuni 2016, i-Glencore yathola i-Hernic Ferrochrome Company (Hernic), futhi i-Samanco yathola i-International Ferro Metals (IFM).Lezi ziqhwaga ezimbili ziphinde zahlanganisa izikhundla zazo emakethe ye-chrome ore yaseNingizimu Afrika, kuhlanganiswe ne-European Asia Resources elawula imakethe yaseKazakhstan kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwe-chromium ore ekuqaleni sekwakhe isakhiwo semakethe ye-oligopoly.Njengamanje, amandla okukhiqiza ezinkampani ezinkulu eziyishumi njenge-Eurasian Natural Resources Company, iGlencore, kanye ne-Samanco enza cishe u-75% yenani lomhlaba lokukhiqiza i-chromium ore, kanye nama-52% omthamo womhlaba ophelele wokukhiqiza i-ferrochrome.

Okwesithathu, ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo se-chrome ore yomhlaba wonke kuqhubekile nokuxega eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi igeyimu yentengo phakathi kokunikezwa nokufunwa iye yanda.Ngo-2018 nango-2019, izinga lokukhula lokuhlinzekwa kwe-chromium ore lidlule kakhulu izinga lokukhula lokukhiqizwa kwensimbi engagqwali iminyaka emibili ilandelana, okuholele ekwenyukeni kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo sezakhi ze-chromium futhi kwabangela ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwamanani e-chromium ore kusukela ngo-2017. . Ithintwe yilolu bhubhane, imakethe yensimbi engagqwali yomhlaba wonke ibibuthakathaka kusukela ngo-2020, futhi isidingo se-chromium ore besibuthakathaka.Ngasohlangothini lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, oluthintwe ubhubhane eNingizimu Afrika, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngemikhumbi ngamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nokulawulwa kabili kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-chromium ore kwehlile, kodwa ukuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo kukonke kusesesimweni esikhululekile.Kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2021, intengo ye-chromium ore yehle unyaka nonyaka, iguquguquka ngezinga eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezintengo zomlando, futhi ukutholwa sekukonke kwezintengo ze-chromium kusalele ngemuva kweminye imikhiqizo yensimbi.Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2022, ngenxa yokuphakama okuphezulu kwezinto ezifana nokungafani kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo, izindleko eziphezulu, nokwehla kwempahla, izintengo ze-chromium ore zikhuphuke ngokushesha.Ngomhla ziyisi-9 kuNhlaba, intengo yokulethwa kwe-chromium engu-44% yempushana ecolisisiwe yaseNingizimu Afrika e-Shanghai Port yake yenyuka yaya ku-65 yuan/ton, cishe iminyaka emine ukuphakama.Kusukela ngoJuni, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali engezansi komfula kuqhubeka nokuba buthaka, izitshalo zensimbi engagqwali ziye zanciphisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa, isidingo se-ferrochromium siye sabuthaka, ukuthengwa ngokweqile kwemakethe kuye kwaqina, ukuzimisela ukuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-chromium ore kuye kwaba phansi, futhi amanani e-chromium ore. awe ngokushesha.