Indima kanye Nokusebenza kwe-Sodium Sulphide Ekuntantekeni Kwama-Ore E-Lead-Zinc Ane-Oxidised

Amaminerali e-lead-zinc axutshwe ne-oxidized (i-cerussite, i-anglesite, i-smithsonite, i-hemimorphite, njll.) anezindawo ezihlala emanzini futhi awakwazi ukuntanta ngqo nabaqoqi be-xanthate. Ukwengezwa kwe-sodium sulphide sulphidises kwenza i-ore ithambe, okuvumela ukumuncwa okulandelayo kwama-xanthate. Ngaphandle kwe-sulphidisation kanye nokusebenza kwayo, i-sodium sulphide iphinde inikeze ukucindezeleka okukhethayo, ukulungiswa kwe-pH ye-pulp, kanye nemisebenzi yokususa ama-reagent, okwenza kube yi-reagent ebalulekile ekucutshungulweni kwe-lead-zinc exutshwe ne-oxidized.

I. Ukwenziwa kwe-Sulphidis kanye nokusebenza kwayo

1. Indlela yokusabela
   Ama-hydrolyze e-Sodium sulphide emanzini ukuze akhiqize ama-ion e-S²⁻ kanye ne-HS⁻, asabela nama-ion ensimbi engaphezulu kumaminerali e-lead‑zinc a-oxidised nge-dissolving‑precipitation, akha ifilimu ye-hydrophobic sulphide:

I-Cerussite:
I-PbCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → I-PbS + CO₂ + H₂O (ukusabela okubonakalayo; isibambi sendawo sesithombe)

I-Smithsonite:
I-ZnCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → I-ZnS + CO₂ + H₂O (ukusabela okubonakalayo; isibambi sendawo sesithombe)

Ifilimu ye-PbS eyakhiwe iqinile futhi izinzile, imunca i-xanthate ngokuqinile futhi inika i-lead ene-oxidation nge-sulphide floatingability. Ifilimu ye-ZnS ikhululekile futhi ithambekele ekufakweni kwe-oxidation kanye nokuqhekeka; i-sodium sulphide yodwa ayanele ukuze i-zinc ene-oxidation entantayo iqhume, okudinga ukuvuselelwa kwesibili ngabaqoqi be-amine kamuva.

2. Inani lohlelo lokusebenza
   Ngaphandle kwe-sodium sulfide, ukubuyiselwa okuphelele kwe-lead-zinc e-oxidised kuphansi. Uma i-sulfidised efanele, ukubuyiselwa kwe-lead kuyanda kakhulu. I-Sulphidised iyimfuneko yokugeleza kwe-ore e-oxidised. Empeleni, i-sodium sulfide ifakwa kuqala ukuze i-sulphidised, ilandelwe yi-xanthate ukuze igeleze i-lead ekhethiwe.

II. Ukucindezeleka okukhethayo

1. Ukunciphisa ukungcola okufana ne-sphalerite ne-pyrite
   I-S²⁻ eyengeziwe ku-pulp imboza ubuso be-galena, i-sphalerite, kanye ne-pyrite, okuvimbela ukumuncwa kwe-xanthate futhi kukhiqize umphumela ocindezelayo.
   Esigabeni sokuntanta kwe-lead ngobuningi, umthamo omaphakathi we-sodium sulfide usetshenziswa ukwenza kusebenze i-lead e-oxidised kuphela; okweqile kunciphisa i-lead ngenkathi kunciphisa kakhulu i-primary sphalerite, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukuhlukaniswa kwe-zinc lead.
   Ukuze kutholakale i-zinc flotation, i-lead tailings kumele ihlanzwe kahle ukuze kuncishiswe ukugcwala kwe-sodium sulfide okusele futhi kuqedwe ukucindezeleka, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa abaqoqi be-amine ukuze kutholakale i-zinc.
2. Imithetho yokulinganisa
   Umthamo onganele: ifilimu ye-sulfide encane nengaphelele, ukubuyiselwa komthofu okuphansi.
   Isilinganiso esimaphakathi: ukusebenza ngokugcwele kwe-lead e-oxidised kanye nokucindezeleka okumaphakathi kwe-sphalerite, ukuhlukaniswa okuhle kakhulu.
   Umthamo oweqile: i-S²⁻ eningi icindezela kokubili i-lead ene-oxidised kanye ne-sphalerite, okubangela ukuthi ukubuyiselwa kwe-lead kanye ne-zinc kwehle kakhulu.

III. Ukulungisa ulwelwesi lwesisu

1. ukulungiswa kwe-pH
   Ukushiswa kwe-sodium sulfide kuveza isisombululo esinamandla se-alkaline, okugcina ngokwemvelo i-pulp pH isendaweni efanelekile engu-8.5–11. Indawo ene-alkaline ivimbela ukubola kwe-oxidative kwefilimu ye-sulfide, okuthuthukisa ukuqina kwe-sulfidi.
2. Ukulawula kwe-Eh
   Ama-ion e-sulfide anciphisa amandla okuxilisa e-pulp, avimbela ukungasebenzi kwe-oxidative kwefilimu ye-PbS. Kuma-ore ane-oxidation ephezulu, i-sodium sulfide eyengeziwe kumele igcinwe njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa.
3. Ukuna kwama-ion ensimbi esindayo ayingozi
   Ama-ion e-Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, kanye ne-Fe³⁺ amahhala ku-pulp angasebenzi ngokukhetha amaminerali e-gangue, okunciphisa ukukhetha. I-S²⁻ ibangela lawa ma-ion njenge-sulfide, isuse ukuphazamiseka futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent okungadingekile.
4. Ukusabalala kwe-Slime
   Imikhiqizo ye-alkaline hydrolysis ihlakaza kancane ama-slime amahle, inciphise ukumbozwa kwezindawo zamaminerali eziqondiwe ngama-slime.

IV. Isenzo sokucindezeleka/sokuncisha amanzi
Uma kukhiqizwa i-concentrate exubile ye-lead-zinc oxidised, inani elikhulu le-sodium sulphide lingangezwa ngokugxila okuphezulu. I-S²⁻ isusa i-xanthate efakwe emanzini ezindaweni zamaminerali ngokuncintisana, isuse ngokuphelele i-collector. Ngemva kokugezwa nokuphindiselwa, i-sulphidisation ehleliwe kanye nokuhlukaniswa kusetshenziswa ukuxazulula ukuhluma kwe-lead-zinc okukhiyiwe. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa kumasekethe e-flotation e-polymetallic oxygen-sulphide mixed ore ayinkimbinkimbi.

V. Umehluko wokuziphatha kwe-sodium sulfide kumaminerali e-lead vs. i-zinc

1. Umthofu oxutshwe ne-oxidised (cerussite) – wakha ifilimu elijiyile le-PbS; i-sodium sulfide emaphakathi yanele ukuntanta okuzinzile; ukudlula ngokweqile kuphela okubangela ukucindezeleka. Kufanelekela ukuntanta kwe-bulk lead okusekelwe ku-xanthate.
2. I-zinc e-oxidised (smithsonite) – yakha ifilimu ye-ZnS ekhululekile; i-sodium sulphide yodwa ayikwazi ukuyintanta. I-Sodium sulphide isebenza kuphela njengokwelashwa kwangaphambili, futhi kudingeka abaqoqi be-cationic njenge-octadecylamine noma i-dodecylamine. I-sodium sulphide eseleyo icindezela kakhulu ukuntanta kwe-zinc e-oxidised.

VI. Amathiphu abalulekile okusebenza kwezimboni

1. Ukwengezwa okuhlukanisiwe: engeza kokubili esigabeni sokugaya kanye ne-roughing flotation ukuze wandise isikhathi sokuxhumana kwe-sulphidisation.
2. Izinsila zokuntanta komthofu zidinga ukuncibilikiswa nokugezwa ukuze kuncishiswe i-sodium sulfide eseleyo ngaphambi kokuba i-zinc intante.
3. Ukuze uthole ama-ore aqukethe i-oxid ephezulu, aqukethe ubumba oluningi, hlanganisa nama-reducing agents (i-iron powder) kanye nama-dispersants (i-sodium hexametaphosphate) ukuze uzinzise ifilimu ye-sulfide.

Imiphumela emibi: ukukhiqizwa kwegesi yamaqanda abolile enobuthi (H₂S) – kudingeka umoya opholile; i-reagent eningi kakhulu yengeza izindleko; amazinga e-sulfide yamanzi angcolile adlula imingcele.
Inothi elikhethekile: I-NaHS, uma isetshenziswa, ibola kalula.