I-Sodium Persulfate (i-Sodium Peroxydisulfate, i-Na₂S₂O₈, i-CAS: 7775‑27‑1)

I-sodium persulfate isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-ejenti enamandla yokuxova, i-polymerisation initiator, i-bleaching agent, kanye ne-metal etchant. Isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yamakhemikhali, ye-elekthronikhi, yendwangu, kanye neyezemvelo. Ihlukaniswe njenge-Class 5.1 oxidising solid, i-Packing Group III (i-oxidiser enobungozi ephansi kuya kwephakathi).

I. Izicelo Ezinemininingwane

1. Imboni ye-Polymer kanye ne-Chemical (umkhakha omkhulu wokusetshenziswa)
   1. Isiqalisi se-polymerisation se-emulsion: isebenza njengesiqalisi se-free radical esincibilikayo emanzini se-polyethylene, i-polyacrylonitrile, i-acrylic emulsions, i-styrene acrylic emulsions, kanye ne-polyacrylamide (PAM). Iqala i-polymerisation emazingeni okushisa aphansi kuya kwaphakathi futhi isetshenziswa ekumbozeni, ekunamathiseni, nasekuhlanganisweni kwe-flocculant yokwelapha amanzi. Isebenza njengesikhundla se-azo initiators, ingashiyi zinsalela ezinobuthi.
   2. Amakhemikhali e-oyili: isetshenziswa njengesiphazamisi koketshezi oluqhekeka, i-guar gum eyonakalisayo nge-oxidatively kanye ne-hydroxypropyl guar gum ukuze kube lula ukubuyela emuva koketshezi oluqhekeka. Uma ihlanganiswa ne-ferrous ion catalysis, ivumela ukuqhekeka okusheshayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
2. Imboni Yezinto Zogesi kanye Ne-PCB (umkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi osezingeni eliphezulu)
   1. I-ejenti yokuhlikihla encane yamabhodi wesekethe: ikhiqiza ubuso bethusi obucwebezelayo obuncane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunamathela kwefilimu eyomile, imaski yokubopha, kanye nezendlalelo ezifakwe ngogesi. Iqopha ithusi kanye ne-nickel ezinqubweni zokuqopha ezithambile futhi, ngokungafani nezinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-chloride, ayibeki ingozi yokugqwala okubangelwa yi-chlorine.
   2. Ukuhlanzwa kwe-wafer ye-semiconductor: kususa ukungcola okungokwemvelo kanye nokungcola kwensimbi ezindaweni ze-wafer kokubili ezinqubweni zokuhlanza ezomile nezimanzi njenge-oxidizing agent.
   3. Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambi Kokukhipha Amagesi: iyasusa amafutha, igqwale kancane, futhi isebenze izinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali nezethusi, isuse izikali ze-oxide engaphezulu.
3. Ukulungiswa Kwemvelo (Izinqubo Ezithuthukisiwe Zokuxova I-Oxidation, i-AOP)
   1. Ukulungiswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nenhlabathi: isetshenziswa ku-in‑situ chemical oxidation (ISCO). Isebenza ngensimbi yensimbi, i-alkali, noma ukushisa, ikhiqiza ama-sulfate radicals angcolisa ama-hydrocarbon kaphethiloli, ama-hydrocarbon ane-chlorine, ama-compounds e-BTEX, ama-antibiotic, kanye nezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane - ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ekulungiseni indawo engcolisiwe.
   2. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile: isetshenziselwa ukushiswa kwe-oxidation okuthuthukisiwe kokubilisa, ukudaya, amakhemikhali, kanye nokulahla imfucuza, ikhipha ukungcola kwe-COD, umbala, kanye nokungcola okungokwemvelo okungaphili. Ingahlanganiswa nemisebe ye-UV, i-ultrasound, noma ukusebenza kwe-ion yensimbi.
   3. Ukwelashwa kwemfucuza ethwetshuliwe: i-oxidizes i-thiosulfate ekulungiseni ukungcola kokugeza, okwenza kube lula ukubuyisa ama-ion esiliva.
4. Imboni Yezindwangu Nokudaya
   1. I-ejenti yokuklama usayizi: ibola usayizi wesitashi kanye ne-PVA wezinto zekotini kanye ne-fibre greige zokwenziwa.
   2. I-ejenti yokuhlanza: kwenza kube lula ukufiphaza uboya, usilika, kanye nelineni ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi ngaphandle kokulimala kwefayibha. Iphinde isebenze njenge-oxidizing agent yokwenza udayi wesulfure, ithathe indawo ye-sodium hypochlorite ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo ohlobene ne-chlorine.
5. Okunye Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni Nelebhu
   1. Imboni yebhethri: isebenza njenge-ejenti yokudambisa i-polarizing kumabhethri e-lead-acid ukuze kuqedwe ukudlula kwe-plate.
   2. Amakhemikhali amahle: isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuxosha ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo, isibonelo ekuxosheni kwe-Elbs ukuguqula ama-phenol abe ama-hydroquinone, kanye nokufaka i-Mn²⁺ kanye ne-Cr³⁺ ezimweni eziphakeme ze-valence (eziqhutshwa yi-ioni yesiliva).
   3. Ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu kanye nelebhu: i-oxidizing agent ekwakhiweni okuvumela izinwele; kanye ne-APS (ammonium persulfate) gel polymerisation initiator ku-PAGE electrophoresis.
   4. I-Pulp nephepha: esetshenziswa ekukhanyeni nasekuhlukaniseni i-pulp.

II. Ukusekela Ukucushwa Kwezinqubo Ezimbonini Ezingaphansi Komfula

1. Umugqa Wenqubo Yokuqopha Okwe-PCB Micro

   Uchungechunge: ukususa amafutha → ukuhlanza ngamanzi → ukuchelela okuncane (isistimu ye-sodium persulfate + sulfuric acid, 25-35°C) → ukuhlanza okuphindwe kabili → ukuthambisa → ukuhlanza ngamanzi angenawo i-ion.
   Imishini yokusekela: amathangi okugqwala e-PP angagqwali, izinhlelo zokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo, ukuqapha i-ORP-pH ku-inthanethi, ukuhlunga okujikelezayo, kanye namayunithi okwelapha ukuwohloka kwe-oxidation emanzini amdaka. I-Sodium persulfate iyagcwaliswa njalo, kanti i-sulfuric acid igcina i-acidity ukuze ivimbele ukubola kwe-ejenti.

2. I-In‑Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) Yomhlabathi Namanzi Angaphansi Komhlaba

   Kunezinhlelo ezintathu zokwenza kusebenze ezitholakalayo:

   1. Ukusebenza kwe-ion ye-ferrous: i-sodium persulfate + i-ferrous sulfate ngaphansi kwezimo ze-acidic.
   2. Ukusebenza kwe-thermal: ukushisa kufike ku-40‑65°C ngomjovo womthombo ojulile.
   3. Ukusebenza kwe-alkaline: ukwengezwa kwe-sodium hydroxide ukuze kukhushulwe i-pH ngaphezu kwe-11, okubangela ukukhiqizwa kwama-radical.
      Imishini esekelayo: amathangi okuxuba nokuhlakaza, imithombo yokujova enomfutho ophezulu, imithombo yokuqapha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kanye nokuqapha i-ORP ku-inthanethi.
3. Inqubo Ethuthukisiwe Yokukhipha I-Oxidation Yamanzi Angcolile

   Uchungechunge: ukulungiswa kwe-pH → ukungezwa kwe-sodium persulfate + activator (Fe²⁺/UV) → ithangi lokusabela kwe-oxidation → ukugobhoza kanye nokungcola → ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile.
   Imishini esekelayo: uhlelo lokulawula lwe-ORP oluku-inthanethi kanye neyunithi yokuxhuma ye-UV‑H₂O₂.

4. Inqubo Yokwenza I-Emulsion Polymerisation

   Ukusebenza kwe-reactor ye-batch: ukuhlanza i-nitrogen ukuze kususwe umoya-mpilo, ukungezwa kwesisombululo samanzi se-sodium persulfate ekushiseni okujwayelekile, kanye nokudla okuhleliwe, okufanayo. Imishini yokusekela: uhlelo lokulawula izinga lokushisa kanye ne-inert gas blanketing ukuvimbela ukubola kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okubangelwa ukungcola kwensimbi.

III. Ubunjiniyela Bokuphepha Bokugcina, Ukudlulisa, kanye Nokulinganisa

1. Indawo yokugcina impahla: isitoreji samakhemikhali ayingozi esizinikele, esipholile nesinomoya, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwama-30°C, umswakama ohlobene <70%. Hlukanisa ezintweni ezivuthayo, izinto ezinciphisa umswakama, ama-asidi nama-alkali; phansi kufanele kuvikele ukugqwala futhi kungangeni amanzi.
2. Ukudluliselwa: ukuhanjiswa komoya okuvaliwe, okunengcindezi engemihle nge-nitrogen blanketing ukuze kukhishwe umswakama. Amapayipi ensimbi awavunyelwe; sebenzisa amapayipi amelana nokugqwala e-PP, PVC, noma i-FRP.
3. Ukulinganisa: amatangi okuncibilikisa avaliwe, gwema izinsimbi ezifana nensimbi, ithusi nesiliva; sebenzisa imishini yokulwa nokugqwala ye-PP/PE. Hlomisa ngeshawa eziphuthumayo, iziteshi zokugeza amehlo, kanye nezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ngenkani.
4.