“Umqaphi” Wezinsimbi Eziyigugu: Kungani Ama-Dithiophosphate (Ama-Black Agents) Esetshenziswa Kakhulu Ekujuleni Kwamaminerali

Ezitshalweni ezintantayo, ama-xanthate aqashelwa kabanzi njengabaqoqi abanamandla abanekhono eliqinile lokuqoqa. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubuyiswa kwegolide nesiliva noma ukuhlukanisa i-lead ku-zinc, ochwepheshe bezinsimbi abanolwazi bavame ukuncoma ama-dithiophosphates, aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi “ama-black agents” ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo okumnyama, okuvame ukuba lukhuni njengoketshezi. Naphezu kokubukeka kwawo okungavamile, lawa ma-reagents anikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile zokwelapha izinsimbi eziyigugu kanye nama-ore e-sulfide ayinkimbinkimbi.

I. Ayini ama-Dithiophosphate (Ama-Black Agents)?

Ama-Dithiophosphate ayisigaba sabaqoqi bamakhemikhali abahlobene nama-xanthate. Ngenkathi ama-xanthate engabaqoqi abaqinile, abangakhethi abavame ukuntanta ama-iron sulfide (pyrite), ama-dithiophosphate akhetha kakhulu. Aphinde azinze kakhulu ngamakhemikhali futhi awakwazi ukubola.

II. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko

1. Ukusondelana Okuphansi kwePyrite: Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu yokuhlukanisa i-lead noma i-copper sulfides kwi-pyrite. Ama-Xanthate avame ukuntanta i-pyrite, kanti ama-dithiophosphates abonisa ikhono lokuqoqa elibuthakathaka eliya kwi-pyrite, okwenza kube lula ukuhlukana.
2. Ikhono Eliqinile Lokuqoqa Igolide Nesiliva: Ama-Dithiophosphate akha izibopho zamakhemikhali eziqinile nezindawo zensimbi eyigugu, okwenza zisebenze kahle kakhulu ekutholeni igolide, isiliva, neplatinum. Izitshalo eziningi zokucubungula igolide zengeza ama-dithiophosphate (isb., i-Aero 238 noma i-ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate) kumasekethe okuhlanza noma ahlanzekile ukuze kwandiswe ukubuyiswa kwensimbi eyigugu.
3. Izakhiwo Zokwenza Amagwebu: Ama-dithiophosphate amaningi (isb., i-Aero 238) anekhono lokubumba amagwebu elingokwemvelo, okunciphisa noma okuqeda isidingo samagwebu engeziwe (njenge-MIBC noma uwoyela wephayini). Amagwebu akhiqizwayo avame ukuba buthakathaka futhi aqhekeke kalula.

III. Izinhlobo Ezivamile

• I-Aero 238 (i-Alkyl Dithiophosphate): Uhlobo olujwayelekile loketshezi olunezakhiwo zokuqoqa kanye nokukhipha igwebu. Ifanelekela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-lead-zinc kanye nokubuyiselwa kwe-copper-gold. Inephunga elinamandla kanye nezakhiwo zokubola.
• I-Ammonium Dibutyl Dithiophosphate: Itholakala njengempuphu emhlophe (naphezu kwegama elithi “into emnyama”). Ayiboli, ayinaphunga, ayincibiliki emanzini. Ifanelekela ama-ore anesiliva kanye nama-ore ethusi angaphili, ikakhulukazi lapho ukukhathazeka ngemvelo kubhekwa khona kuqala.
• I-Diphenyl Dithiophosphate: Ayivamile, inekhono lokuqoqa eliqinile. Isetshenziselwa i-galena ephikisiwe noma ehlungiwe kahle.

IV. Izinto Okucatshangwayo Ngokusebenza

• Ingozi Yokugqwala: Ama-dithiophosphates acwebezelayo (isb., i-Aero 238) ane-asidi futhi ayagqwala. Sebenzisa izinto ezingamelani ne-asidi emigqeni yokulinganisa. Abasebenzi kumele bagqoke i-PPE efanele.
• Gwema Ukweqisa: Ukweqisa kungadala igwebu eliningi, okuholela ekugcwaleni ngokweqile (“ukuthwala”) okuvela kumaseli okuntanta. Lungisa umthamo ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi lapho kusetshenziswa igwebu.
• I-Kinetics Ehamba Kancane: Ama-Dithiophosphates asebenza kancane kune-xanthates futhi ngokuvamile adinga isikhathi eside sokulungisa ukuze asebenze kahle.

V. Isiphetho

Emikhubeni yesimanje yokuntanta, ama-dithiophosphates awathathi indawo yama-xanthate kodwa kunalokho asebenza njengama-reagents ahambisanayo. Isu elivamile ukusebenzisa ama-xanthate ukuze kutholakale inqwaba yokuntanta okuqinile kanye nama-dithiophosphates ezigabeni ezihlanzekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhetha nokubuyisa izinsimbi eziyigugu.